2009年6月23日星期二

林肯传记-04

 对林肯来说,这段时间最有趣de事情要算shi骑马去新磨坊了:那里总shi有很多人排队,似乎所有人都显得很轻闲,他们漫不经心地等待着前面de人把玉米磨完,而后把自己骑来de马套在磨前,拴在横梁上,让它们拉磨磨面。排队de那些人都很健谈,林肯可以学到很多知识,还能听到不少新闻。他们谈论新总统,预测大选de结果,有时他们de谈话还围绕着奴隶制这个主题,讨论最终到底shi奴隶制还shi别de什么制度取得胜利。这些事情,林肯以前在教堂里也听说过。这时,当他再次向父亲问及此事时,父亲说,他认为那些希望废除奴隶制de卫理公会“教徒们de观点shi正确de。因为随心所欲地给其他人套上枷锁,鞭答他们,奴役他们,shi不符合宗教教义de。

  林肯时常观察着父亲如何说话、行事,如何与继母相处,以及如何对待自己de工作等等。事实上,他们父子二人并不算很投机,父亲心里更喜欢他轻浮de继子约翰斯顿。林肯经常看到父亲骑马去法庭,回来后便咒骂某邻居干了什么缺德事,或shi诅咒政府向他乱征土地税。他说,没有他长年兢兢业业地在这块土地上开垦劳作,这块土地怎么会有今天de欣欣向荣景象?现在国家却要征收什么该死de土地税,就好像他shi个奴隶,以前de话算shi白干了。在林肯眼里,父亲de举动并不明智,况且他不会读书也不会写字,有时实在很没用。但父亲有一点最让林肯喜欢:有时他宁可不工作,也愿意留在家里眉飞色舞地给他们讲故事。要知道,这方圆几里没有人烟,没有任何东西可以调动林肯de情绪,生活实在太乏味单调了。他常想,如果自己也像父亲一样常年呆在这空旷de原野上会怎样呢?他无法想像:当自己de祖父—

  —被印第安人开枪杀害de老亚伯拉罕带着家人迁人森林以后,他们便世代以伐木和打猎为生,往往一连几个星期都见不到一个外人。现在他必须开始学会忍受草原上de寂寞了。

  林肯听说,父亲de兄弟们日子都过得不错,很富有,拥有很大de宅院,但他们却从不跟父亲来往。林肯每次和高大幽默de表兄丹尼斯聊天,总能了解一些诸如此类de事情。而后他便会跑回家,爬上顶楼,呆呆地坐在黑暗中思考,理出这些事情de前因后果。新近他听说,父亲刚刚娶了自己主人de外甥女,难道以前父亲做过谁de仆人吗?他还听说父亲当年就想娶她,但被她拒绝了,因为她选择了阔家之子约翰斯顿;后来父亲便结了婚,娶了林肯de妈妈。两人原来de配偶都过世以后,去年,主人家de外甥女才成了父亲de妻子。

  林肯那幼稚de头脑里涌起一股惊诧和不安。难道自己亲生母亲并不shi父亲真心爱着de女人吗?或许就shi这个原因才使母亲时常显得那样悲伤?但尽管如此,他却始终对继母恨不起来,因为继母对所有de孩子都一视同仁地付出爱心。他矛盾极了,和异父异母de约翰斯顿同床共眠总让他觉得很不舒服。

  这一大家子人实在太多了,不shi每个人都能吃饱。有一次,父亲在餐桌前为午餐而感谢圣恩时,面前只摆着一点土豆de林肯脱口喊道:“哎!爸爸,今天可没有什么值得感谢de。”他对宗教de调侃还不止于此,他已开始以独有de方式讽刺生活了。

  一次,在磨坊里,当马拉完一圈时,他就喊:“走哇,老路德!”并用鞭子抽了它一下。当他第二次挥鞭打马并喊“走哇!”de时候,那匹马突然抬起前蹄,一脚踢在他前额上,于shi,他便不省人事地被抬走了。第二天早上,他刚一苏醒过来,嘴里就吐出下面de几个字:“你个老路德!”当时,所有为他担心de人都哑然失笑。

  而直到几十年后他还念念不忘这段往事,这证明了:他永远都不会停止反省自我,并能从中得到启示。

  平时,他一点也不喜欢干体力活,“学习”才shi他真正de心愿。他并非想精通什么学问,只shi想对一些事情有所了解,然后再和其它事情加以比较,从而了解人性,认识自己。他阅读了所有能够找到de书籍,尽管他能找到de书并不多,而且每天他可以用于看书de时间也很有限。晚上,家里很黑,没有什么光亮,但每一本书他都认真读过。夏天de傍晚,趁天还没黑下来,他就抽空在挑篷下看书,晚上他就凑近火堆,借火光看书。如果没注意火灭了,他便会小心翼翼地再生起尽可能小de一堆火,只要光亮足够他看书de就行了。妈妈用肥皂做de灯芯不多,很珍贵,平时shi不能随便用de,全家人只在星期五才能点起它,况且别人也都认为,这个小毛孩儿支着脑袋趴在那儿,绝不会shi在读什么有用de东西。

  偶尔,一些新鲜事物传到西部,就如门外吹来de劲风,为男孩敞开了知识de大门。《朝圣者de进步》使他第一次进行了自省;鲁滨逊在他de印象中只不过shi个被夸大其辞了de开拓者,而《圣经》却像一首优美de歌飞人了他儿时de记忆。此后又有两本书分别从一位旅行者和一位神父手里传进了这所房子,一本shi《伊索寓言》,从中林肯第一次看到了智者对人类弱点de讽刺。在阅读过程中,他de思想得到了启迪,他对书中de内容深有同感;另一本则shi《华盛顿和富兰克林de一生》,主人公de一些战争经历使他逐渐淡忘了父亲经常讲de那些笑话,而记住了这些符合史实de,更有意义de故事。一次,一位亲戚给他带来了一本厚厚de书,十五岁de林肯逐字逐句地读了它,自始至终都津津有味。对他来说,这shi一个多么珍贵de知识宝库啊!

  此外,他还有了一本为之振奋de教科书,W.斯戈特写de《演讲课程》。这shi一本较为规范de,引导人们运用不同风格de语言进行演讲de书。它告诉人们应当如何表达自己并援引了许多实例,有伟大人物de经历,有德莽斯de演讲生涯,有莎士比亚戏剧de片断,还有具体de演讲技巧。此外,他还读了《肯塔基教师》,这本书将勇气。

  义务、自由、奴役思想、女性问题与杰斐逊de就职演说融为一体,shi一部良好de教材,书中de思想如湍流一般涌进了这个男孩正在启蒙de头脑。每拿到一本书他都认真地读啊读,因为没有更多de书可看,他便把现有de书翻阅好多遍。偶尔有谁从城里买来用报纸包装de什么东西,他便迫不及待地凑上前去把包装纸要来仔细阅读,往往他还能告诉大人们关于他们经常谈论de话题,报上究竟shi怎么说de。

  如果有机会和别人一同骑马进城,比如去根垂维尔,林肯就会从商店de桌子上拿起一份报纸,读那些关于选举de最新消息。他发现人们都十分拥戴杰斐逊这个人民代表,反感来自南部de贵族奴隶主们。

  在默默地倾听别人谈话时,在意外地阅读到de报纸残片上,他都不断地接触到南部de奴隶制问题,而且在那座新建de小教堂里,人们de议论也常常围绕这个话题。

  当他不能完全理解其中de道理时,他就会独坐沉思,从别人de谈话中理出自己de观点。

  冬天de教堂里,牧师借着炉火de光亮朗读《圣经》,人们齐唱《旧约》里de赞美诗,家里也有人不断地祈祷。但对林肯来说,这一切远不如自己利用这些时间研究探索人类内心世界更有意义,更有吸引力。如果这时有一位诸识世事而又有远见卓识de人认识林肯de话,他准会认为这个男孩将来会成为一名诗人。这个预言不无道理,因为林肯确实在学写诗,并且经常把诗读给朋友们听。他既勤奋又聪明,所以凡他读过de,听过de和看过de东西都会在他de脑海中留下深刻印象。“our当时shi通过一切感官来学习de。”后来他de表哥这样描述道,“our长时间地交谈,直到无话可说才肯罢休。”

  虽然困于家中de客观环境,林肯de视野没有机会扩大,但日积月累,他de知识面也越来越广了。现在他也能骑马去俄亥俄河了,许多人爱在那里聚会,因此那里总shi停靠着船只,而且时常会有住家de船只和龙骨式小艇从旁边开过。船夫们十分优美地划着满载着猪和面粉de大木筏沿河而下。而新型de蒸汽船开到这里时,总会抛锚,船夫们就会蹲下来,叮叮当当地敲打那些生锈de机器。小船和木筏比那些巨大de机器更吸引林肯,因为他熟悉前者de材料,从父亲那儿他学会了怎样伐树,再怎样把它们绑成木筏。

  据说,所有这些船只都要到千里以外de南方去,再由密西西比河驶向大海。所有想要卖出自家产品de农场主都得去那儿,因为那里de人们需要这些产品。南方de大部分土地种植着棉花。“那里de人们很有钱,有成群de奴隶为他们工作。”林肯de思想总shi不知不觉就跑到南方问题上去了,他发现所有人都怀着一种近乎恐惧de心请,有de甚至shi以一种内疚de口吻在议论此事。他坐在沙滩上,观察着,一旦发现谁阅历丰富,就会立刻跑上前去把自己不明白de事情向他问个清楚。  

2009年6月19日星期五

林肯传记-03

 他们建在鸽子河畔de新房子叫鸽子棚,虽是父亲和亲戚们用很短de时间盖起来de,却比他们肯塔基州de小木屋宽敞明亮多了,盖房子de时候,大家都挤在别人家里过夜。不久,boy de叔叔婶婶也带着孩子来到了这块众人向往de土地上。父亲终于如愿以偿了,现在,他总显得心情愉快,仿佛已经看到了自己即将获得de财富。

  这里有许多猎物,他可以整天,甚至整个星期在外打猎,从不会空手而归。在yi座小山上,他们还有yi块属于自己de土地,周围有绿油油de田地和茂密de灌木丛,只是离河边远了yi些,孩子们得花上yi刻钟de时间才能挑yi趟水回来。这个时候,年满八岁de boy得搬到顶楼上睡了。父亲在木头墙壁上给他钉上了小木棍,每天晚上,他都得踩着它们爬上床睡觉,可他yi点也不觉得麻烦,反倒觉得新鲜有趣。只是顶楼上漆黑yi片,看不到炉火,更没有窗户带进来晨曦;尽管丝丝de凉风还是能从墙缝里透进来,冷飕飕de,但是由于屋顶很低,木头之间粘合得也很好,透不下雨水,所以冬天在上面睡觉还是挺舒服de。只是到了夏天,上面就会透不过气来,闷热得受不了。

boy de周围发生了很大变化,他de外祖父外祖母也迁到了印第安纳,他们也姓斯拜罗。跟他们yi起来de还有他们de养子,丹尼斯。汉克斯,他年仅十八岁。对于小亚伯拉罕来说,这几个人都和善可亲,很容易接近。

  在这个地方,人们必须得团结yi致拧成yi股绳才能生存下去,因为这儿还只是yi片荒野,野兽经常出没,大人们说,他们de yi个朋友就是被熊咬死de。boy家de小屋门口总是燃着yi堆火,既为了驱赶野兽,也为了净化周围de空气,要知道凋围弥漫着浓浓de沼气,而空气中沼气含量过高,对人畜de健康都会造成伤害。此外,孩子们还必须吃草药防疟疾,难闻de草药汤影响了人们,特别是孩子们de好心情,甚至还引起了他们对草原de恐惧,这种恐惧使他们更愿意到森林中,开垦土地,种植玉米和其它作物。干这些活时,孩子们,尤其是这个壮实de boy也得帮忙。他春天帮着播种,秋天帮着收割,而后还要用斧头背儿在空de树墩里给谷子去糠;平时,他还得帮妈妈喂猪、挤牛奶、劈柴。挑水。生活就这样周而复始。yi天天,yi年年,时间很快地溜走了。冬天de漫漫寒夜,全家大都是蹲坐在火炉旁边度过de。有时,邻居们也会过来作客。大家yi边喝酒,yi边抽烟,或者吸鼻烟,就连女人们也如此,人们还会彼此讲yi些恐怖故事。总之,日子过得还算有滋有味。

  然而,当秋色染红了八月de印第安纳,,在旷野上放养de牛群却不知是误食了什么东西,还是不习惯这里de潮湿环境,突然发起病来。很快,周围所有de牲畜都被传染了,马匹倒下了,绵羊倒下了,牛奶不得不全部倒掉,最后,灾难也降临到了人们身上。他们也被传染了,呻吟着躺靠在装满树叶de袋子上,住在离这里三十五英里deyi位医生成了他们能够找到de惟yi救星。每次他来给病人看病,都会忙得不可开交,尽管如此情况也丝毫没有好转,焦虑与绝望折磨着每yi个人。boy de父亲满目凄凉,已经无心过问其它事情了。至于留在家里做饭,照管孩子,喂养牲畜,磨斧子,晒柴火,缝兽皮等等,这些活无疑都落在了母亲yi人身上。终于,她累倒了,长久以来积聚de辛劳仿佛yi下子都爆发了出来,她de病情逐渐恶化。

  死神夺走了几个邻居de性命,也带走了boy de外祖父,外祖母,现在它又来到了母亲de身边。她yi直营养不良,骨瘦如柴,又缺乏生存de信心,因此yi得上肺结核这致命de病,身体就迅速垮掉了。不满十岁de boy,站在沉默,苍白de母亲面前无能为力。他静静地看着平时十分坚强de父亲,看着泪水打湿了他蓬乱de胡须。开始,boy de心里只是充满了yi种恐惧和新鲜混搅在yi起de复杂感觉,“死亡”de含意他并不清楚。

  自从第yi位邻居死后,父亲就开始叮叮当当地做棺材了。钉棺材de声音让所有de人:病人和健康人都感到刺耳和心酸。而年幼de boy对此却浑然不觉。

  这会儿,父亲又开始给刚刚断气de妻子做棺材了。“妈妈真de很高大”,boy凑上去看着母亲已失去活力de身体,心里想道。他仔细地看父亲如何不用铁钉就把大木板固定在yi起,他还很乖地帮着父亲做这做那。母亲死后de第yi天就这样忙忙碌碌地过去了,他仿佛根本没有意识到发生了什么。

  然而,当母亲人了殓,下了葬,大家回到家,看到母亲de床上空荡荡de时候,boy de心才突然被yi种巨大de孤独感攫住。这时他感觉自己好像yi点都不喜欢父亲,他想起了父亲说过de粗话,想起了他de大巴掌,直到这会儿他才醒悟到,自己所有美好de生活经历都来自亲爱de妈妈:妈妈从未打过他,而且总是为他辛勤地操劳着;每当妈妈伤心de时候,她总是抬起头来凝视着这个跟她越长越像de boy,这时,便会有yi种从未倾吐de亲切和融洽de感觉在boy de心头索绕。对于林肯,这种感觉整整yi生都无法摆脱。在对母亲de回忆中,沉默寡言de他对于那些失去de和可望而不可即de事物de渴望更加强烈,较之于以前,他显得更忧郁了。

yi年以后de yi天,父亲要出远门,他要进城去,说是不会很快回来。听说他要给孩子们带回来yi个新妈妈,这可能是他亲口说de,也可能是表兄从别人那里偷听来de。总之,听了这消息,boy在整整两周里都颇为不安,作为yi个十yi岁de头脑聪明de孩子,对继母们de凶恶,他早有耳闻。终于在十二月deyi个傍晚,父亲突然回来了,他驾着马车,带着几个人从肯塔基州回到了西部de这片土地上,车上每个人都容光焕发,而且那辆马车也棒极了。但两个孩子de心里却惴惴不安:继母待人怎么样?他们正揣摩时,yi个高大挺拔,面色红润而又活泼开朗de女人走下车来,boy和姐姐扒在门前de栅栏上张望着,那女人yi头卷发,举止端庄。她身后de车里还有几个小孩在不好意思地眨着眼睛。当然,最难为情de要属他们de这位父亲了。

  他把自己de孩子带到另外三个孩子跟前,给他们介绍道:“我女儿叫萨拉。”又指着boy说:“我de儿子叫林肯。”反过来,父亲又介绍说:“这三个孩子是约翰,马蒂尔德和萨拉。”“又是yi个萨拉。”孩子们想。可是不容他们考虑,父亲就开始把车上de那些箱子和大筐卸下来,那车上装着各种家什,包括yi个抛过光de衣橱和几张像样de床。

  过了不yi会儿,林肯和那个叫约翰。约翰斯顿de新兄弟就yi起躺在顶楼yi张真正de床上了。约翰告诉林肯说,自己和亲生父亲同名,他也是在林肯失去妈妈de那个秋天去世de。显然,父亲很早就认识新妈妈,他们到底认识多久了呢?林肯思考着,企图揭开其中de秘密。自新妈妈搬来以后,小屋里就嘈杂起来了,毕竟加上林肯de叔叔这里yi共住着三大五小yi共八口人。在开始de日子里,第yi次见面时迟疑de握手使得握手成为了林肯姐弟与新妈妈之间奇特de游戏。当父亲叫新妈妈名字de时候,他俩都竖起耳朵听,结果,你猜怎么着:这位新妈妈也叫萨拉。在意识到这种尴尬后,新妈妈马上开始着手改善这种境况,弥合他们之间de隔阂。

  林肯de新妈妈是否识字,现在不得而知,但人们却知道,她尊重知识,坚持让所有de孩子都去那所离家不远de木房子学校读书,因此她也很快赢得了林肯de好感。

  长久以来,无法从书籍里获得神秘知识宝藏de缺憾yi直困扰着林肯,使他内心不能平静,特别是当他听到神父、土地测量员和旅行至此de律师谈话de时候,这种感觉就愈发强烈。而父亲却yi心想把他培养成木匠。每当新妈妈说起读书学习de事,父亲总是yi笑置之,他觉得,自己没有读过什么书,不也照样过得好好de吗?他不明白,是他de幽默开朗de性格使他总是乐观自信。每到星期天,他们就去教堂,说是教堂,其实只不过是yi座空荡荡de木房子,总是有人在台上诵读,而孩子们根本听不懂,关于语言规范de知识他们尚需积累。这段日子林肯很快学会了写字。他de堂兄曾经说过,林肯特别聪明,在学校里学习成绩比其他学生都好。

  遗憾de是,那时候纸张少而昂贵,林肯不能常用纸和笔练字,就在家里自己把削尖了de木柴熏黑,先在箱子盖上练习,等练得差不多了,才小心翼翼地拿出yi张宝贵de纸,想出最重要de内容,然后把它尽可能简练地写在纸上。这样学着练着,林肯de字越写越好,而他也已经长成个十四岁de大boy了。但他写字de手指却不够灵活,因为自小他yi直用手推拉装卸。冬天,孩子们de手经常冻僵,大人们不得不把烤热了de土豆塞到他们手里,这样,他们到了学校de时候,手指才不至于被冻得麻木而写不好字。学习期间,yi旦家里缺钱用或者需要帮手,林肯就得辍学回家,对他来说,家里de生活和生炉子用de柴火比上学更重要。yi头牛犊能值八美元,书本能值多少?尤其对荒凉de美国西部来说,学会使用斧头远比学会使用笔重要得多。

  他已经开始使用斧头了。早在他十yi岁de时候,由于在同龄孩子们中,他显得又高大又结实,所以父亲就让他干重活了。现在他也被带去打猎,父亲给他演示了如何使用猎枪,而后就把枪递给他,让他射击。当时,有几只山鹤正在离他们不远de地方,他们慢慢移过去,发现那儿还有yi只火鸡,于是他就瞄准了那只火鸡,yi枪即中,火鸡应声落地。父子二人赶紧跑过去想取回猎物,可就在这时,林肯生平第yi次感觉到yi种危险de力量攫住了他,这种力量自命不凡,自认为凌驾于其他生灵之上,它令人洋洋自得地站在死去de猎物跟前。这次,林肯没有了胜利者de喜悦。

  要知道以前,每当星期日家里熏烤父亲猎获de野味时,他de内心总是充溢着快乐,可是今天,除了恐惧以外,他没有任何其它感觉。他把猎枪还给沉默de父亲,扭头走了。在这yi枪之后,亚伯拉罕。林肯yi生中再也没有开过第二枪。如果父亲知道,自己枪法这么准de儿子以后竟拒绝射击de话,可能会感到遗憾。可以想像,如果草原上deyi个年轻人,既高大又敏捷,会成为yi个多么好de猎手啊!或许是由于林肯想起了那些罪犯,而且以他de方式将自己de行为与罪犯作着比较,心里生出yi层迷雾般de怅惘所致吧。

林肯传记-02

由于父亲生性不安于现状,boy五岁de时候,他们就举家迁到了美国东北部。

  那里植物繁茂,土地肥沃,他们de新房子就建在yi条小河旁。yi到夏天,他们de生活就显得特别美好。夜晚,他们不再会冻得发抖,而且因为附近de森林里有很多猎物,所以他们现在已经很少挨饿了。离木屋不远有yi条马路,连接着路易斯维尔和纳什维尔两座城市。这条马路上孩子们能看到很多风景。时光流逝,boy渐渐懂得了许多事情。这条马路很热闹,有许多车子驶向日落de西方,有de车上还坐着拖家带口de人们;有时会有yi些人骑马,驮着yi袋袋自产de玉米而来,另yi些人则带着神神秘秘de东西进城而去;偶尔也会有士兵路过,爸爸说他们大概刚刚打完仗要回家去。听妈妈说,yi位穿着考究de先生曾经和父亲谈论起西边那片森林,还询问了它de价钱。

  孩子们是不可以在马路上玩很长时间de,玩耍中妈妈常会喊他们回去,让他们到菜地里锄草,或是采些草萄和蘑菇什么de。妈妈会把这些东西晾干,以备冬天食用。boy六七岁时,父亲就带他下地干活了,他再也不能yi天到晚总是玩了,而必须认真地挽起袖子帮父亲播种。播种可是个辛苦活儿,必须yi行播得深些,yi行播得浅些。boy很要强,他yi定要把活干得更好,因为他愿意而且也有能力做到这yi点。他在地里干活儿de时候,萨拉则呆在家里,帮妈妈给奶牛挤奶,晚上再和妈妈yi道纺线。到了星期天,他们全家就都坐到屋前面,妈妈会用她婉转de歌喉给他们小声哼唱古老de歌谣,有时候还会讲yi些《圣经》上de故事,她有着未受过教育de聪明人所特有de那种超凡de记忆力。在boy儿de脑海里,《圣经》上de诗句总是和妈妈那温柔de声音联系在yi起。这时候,爸爸总是坐在yi边,抽他de烟。此情此景,boy常常有意识地比较爸爸和妈妈,他不得不承认,自己更喜欢妈妈,虽然她实际年龄并不比爸爸小,但在孩子们心目中,妈妈更年轻,也更温柔,孩子们最喜欢她。

  当boy暗自用审视de目光注视着妈妈时,总会被她那黯淡de,略带黄色de皮肤,那轮廓分明de面容,那粗大de骨骼和那灰暗de眼睛里发散出来de奇怪又略显忧伤de目光深深地打动。他好像明白了,妈妈为什么总喜欢以yi种舒缓de节奏给他们唱歌了。

  然而,yi个星期天,当他们全家人去村子里看望朋友时,boy却意外地发现,妈妈似乎比其他所有人都更快乐,她不停地跳舞,仿佛不知疲倦yi样。boy第yi次目睹了yi个人由忧伤到欢乐de奇特转变;在yi种梦幻般de感觉中,boy似乎悟出了什么,他猜想,平时沉默寡言de妈妈准是隐藏了自己de某些情感,想到这儿,boy有点儿害怕。

  妈妈偶尔带着他去附近de庄园,她在那里帮人做针线活。庄园主们往往拥有整整yi幢楼房,单是楼下de厨房就比boy家de整所房子都大,不仅如此,他们楼上de两个房间里,还摆着真正讲究de床——那是boyde爸爸做de。为什么爸爸要给他们做床?原因很简单,给他们干木工活、针线活有钱赚,把这些钱攒起来,爸爸妈妈就可以买yi匹马。庄园主为什那么趁钱?嗅,是因为他们富有。他们凭什么富有?

  ……boy百思不得其解。

  怀着与日俱增de困惑,boy观察着自己周围de人和物。不久后,他们de几个亲戚也搬到这里来了。其中,boy最喜欢de要算是斯拜罗姨婆了,她是个十分开朗de人,做事麻利,头脑聪明,意志坚定,yi头灰色头发,看上去比妈妈健康。因为她自小就远居他乡,见多识广,所以总能给孩子们讲点什么。她会读《圣经》,有时候还敢大胆地在纸上写字,就好像她de手从未摸过斧子似de,真让人羡慕!

  有时孩子们会问起爸爸妈妈他们de童年是怎样度过de。妈妈说,她de外祖父生活在很远很远de地方,他虔诚而又心地善良,是yi名贵格会“教徒。可是当boy问到妈妈de妈妈,或者追问姨婆是从哪里来de时候,妈妈则总是支支吾吾地搪塞他。

  爸爸却很乐于讲述他自己de童年生活,对他来说,讲故事简直就像打猎yi样有趣儿。那天他讲de是印第安人。爸爸说,从前他和家人从美丽de弗吉尼亚州迁到了肯塔基州这块贫瘠de土地上,他家跟妻子家yi样来自北方,和南方没有yi点关系。

  当时de印第安人已经开始秘密跟踪白人了,而且比今天大胆得多。是de,当父亲还和今天这个瞪大双眼,紧闭双唇仔细倾听deboy差不多大de时候,yi件可怕de事情发生了:yi次,他正和自己de父兄们在森林里deyi所小茅屋附近干活,突然呼deyi声枪响,父亲老亚伯拉罕应声倒下,哥哥们慌忙逃回小茅屋求援,只有他呆站在原地没动,眼睁睁地看着父亲咽了气。父亲是被yi个躲在灌木丛里de印第安人开枪打死de。这个印第安人走过来想把站在原地吓呆了de他拽走,他便大声呼叫,反抗,不yi会儿,哥哥们返回来,用自己de猎枪冲着印第安人射击,借着四周de混乱,他才奔回了小茅屋……

  伴着惊惧boy听完了整个故事,原来,自己de名字“亚伯拉罕”,是从被印第安人杀害de祖父那儿承袭下来de。天知道,父亲当时看到了多么可怕de场面!可对此他却仿佛满不在乎,只是大笑着说道:现在已经是另yi个时代了!

  父亲讲de故事是多么奇妙动人啊!可他目不识丁,而且当妈妈提出让他读书识字时,他也总是冷嘲热讽,不屑yi顾。他总觉得,既然自己已经会做家具、会种地、会伐木、又会打猎,还学那些干嘛!boy却暗自琢磨着:如果自己识字就好了!如果自己还能像姨婆那样会写字就更棒了!经过父母反复地商议和争论,最后,boy终于可以去上学了。只是,那学校离他们家足有四英里远,若是碰上雨天,走在路上,就像光脚走路yi样难受。而所谓de学校其实就是yi座木头房子,比boyde家大不了多少,只是多了两扇砂纸窗户和yi个比家里大得多de壁炉。老师是yi位牧师,他让孩子们传着看课本,学字母、读音,还让孩子们yi个接yi个地反复练习。这可不是读书识字,boy心里想:又不是听故事,要像姨婆那样熟练地写字,就更是差着十万八千里了!

  当然,除了上学读书之外,这yi年boy家里还发生了其它新鲜事。比如,父亲当上了街道管理员。如果有机会跟他yi起去城里,boy就会竖起耳朵仔细听那里de人们说话,听他们讲关于印第安纳那块神奇土地上de故事。他在街上经常看到yi些向西部迁徙de过路人。听大人们说,他们是要到那块流淌着俄亥俄河de富饶土地—

  —印第安纳去。

  没过多久,父亲又当上了小城de警察,他很乐意干这差事,觉得那比呆在家里当木匠有趣得多;他到处溜达,所到之处都引来很多人,因为人们爱听他讲故事。

  每yi次,boy都非常认真地跟大家yi起听,他对这些故事太熟悉了,以至于他能够察觉父亲‘对故事情节de细微变动。然而,让boy迷惑不解de是:父亲看到黑人时,总要拦住他们,让他们出示yi种许可证,以证明他们有权在这里居住和工作。boy问父亲为什么要这样,父亲回答说:“你这小子!说了你也不懂!”

  在霍金威尔,yi次,父亲奉命去巡视犯人,boy问:“什么是犯人?”“犯人就是监狱里带着脚镣de坏蛋。”父亲拿着生锈de钥匙打开yi间间牢房时,迎接他们de是犯人们愤怒de目光;当父亲又把牢门锁上时,那些所谓de坏蛋又都漠然地退了回去。满心恐惧deboy目睹了这yi切。检查完了,他随父亲回家,心却留在了那些带着脚镣de犯人身上:世界上原来还有这样yi些人,被戴上镣铐,被剥夺了权力,这实在不能与富人们de营生同日而语。尽管为了生计,爸爸妈妈不得不辛苦地为富人们做家具,做衣服,但毕竟是有报酬de。

  在这个夏天,boy可长了不少见识,父亲用那把锃明瓦亮、锋利无比de斧子齐根砍断了几棵参天大树。boy问:“我们已经有了yi所房子,为什么还要伐树?”

  父亲回答说:“用树可以做木筏。”boy接着问:“木筏是什么?”“木筏就是像船yi样de东西,我们可以坐着它从小河飘到大海上去。”“大海在哪儿?”“在南方。”现在,boy已经能够抓紧绳子,帮着父亲推木筏了,父亲把树干绑在yi起,然后又把整个木筏推进了那条据说是流入俄亥俄河de小河里。然后他又滚来了十个装满了威士忌de大酒桶。在这些日子里,妈妈则经常莫名其妙地叹息。最后,孩子们终于知道了其中de原因。原来,父亲把他们de木屋和周围de土地都卖掉了,他要到印第安纳去,因为听说那里de土地更加肥沃,能收获更多de粮食,而这正是父亲de愿望。他用这块土地换回了二十美元和十桶威士忌。实际上,他们现在de前途可谓吉凶未卜,谁也无法预料在西部等待他们de将是什么?

yi切准备就序后,父亲出发了,母亲和孩子们站在岸边,向他挥手告别。父亲划着崭新de桨,慢慢远去,yi会儿就不见了踪影。时隔不久,父亲就回来了,他拍着母亲de肩膀有说有笑,看上去信心百倍。无疑,在他看来印第安纳de确是个天堂。

  当母子三人将瓶瓶罐罐,工具毛皮和衣物打成包裹,准备出发de时候,已经是烟雨濛濛de秋天了。就这样,yi家四口骑着两匹马,妈妈和姐姐骑yi匹,boy则坐在父亲de前面,骑另yi匹,踏上了许多人曾走过de那条路,开始了向西部de长途跋涉。

  夜晚,母子三人睡在树林中搭起de帐篷里,父亲则在yi旁守夜;既要防御野兽,又要防备坏人。五天以后,yi家人终于到达了目de地。

2009年6月13日星期六

林肯传记-01

 凛冽de寒风横扫过平原,yi时间,参天大树de枝丫被吹得狂乱摇摆,嘎嘎作响。

  风,也无情地摇撼着yi座低矮de小木屋,仿佛根本不把它放在眼里。冷风呼啸着钻进屋里,令人瑟瑟发抖。然而,这yi家人对这yi切却早已习惯,他们好像什么都没听到,睡熟了,工作了yi天,他们实在太累了。

  这时,只有那个四岁de小男孩被风惊醒,狂风掀下壁炉上deyi块砖头,把它甩在墙上,男孩和姐姐恰恰就睡在那儿,他俩并排枕在yi个装满树叶de口袋上;他靠墙睡,因为姐姐萨拉对寒冷更加敏感,如果冷风从墙缝吹进来,她会冻得哆嗦,而这男孩则骨骼粗壮、结实,靠墙睡对他来说不成问题。不过姐姐总是把那张狐狸皮往她那边拽。这张狐狸皮是爸爸不久前打死yi只狐狸得到de,盖在身上很暖和。熟睡中,姐姐使劲地揪住狐狸皮不放,他怎么也拉不过来。天冷极了。姐姐紧挨着他,他能看得到姐姐de手、耳朵和压乱了de头发。因为他俩de腿紧紧地裹在狐狸皮里,所以他还能触到姐姐de脚。壁炉里de炭火在小屋里泛出yi线光亮,只有这丝光亮陪伴着醒来de男孩苦度寒夜。

  黑暗中他看到,就在离自己很近de地方,有什么东西在发光,金光闪闪de,就像妈妈讲过de天堂里de宝贝yi样。嗅!男孩心想,是那只大大de铁皮桶吧,每晚,妈妈都要提它到河边打上满满yi桶水。那边墙上还有个东西,在闪闪发亮,嗯,那肯定是爸爸de斧头,孩子们是不准随便乱动de,因为大人们说它很锋利,yi下子就能砍掉yi根手指。就在那斧头de下面,爸爸紧挨着妈妈睡着,今天他又在很响地打着呼噜。慢慢地,像做梦似de,男孩de思绪飞到了母亲那里,yi想到以前是自己睡在妈妈de身边,他de内心就泛起yi丝渴望。要知道,睡在妈妈de身边。借着妈妈de体温是多么温暖啊!这让他明白了,他de确曾经拥有过美好de讨去,而现在却已经失去了。这样想着想着,他感觉更冷了。可是父亲说过,这种时候不能叫醒爸爸妈妈。他必须自己想办法暖和起来。于是他伸出小胳膊,去抓妈妈原本盖在姐姐身上deyi条裙子,它现在从姐姐那边滑下去了,可是他怎么也够不着。他睡de那个地方,刺骨de寒风从墙缝吹进来,冷极了。这时,借着微弱de火光,他看到在自己斜上方挂着yi条围巾,于是他爬起来,垫起小脚,嗯,恰好能够得着围巾de角儿,他迅速地拽下围巾,紧紧地塞进墙缝。躺下后他又使劲地扯了扯狐狸皮,把自己身体盖住,哇!现在真是暖和多了,不yi会儿,他便进入了甜美de梦乡。

  待他yi觉醒来,妈妈生起de炉火正旺,驱赶着从墙缝钻进屋来de灰濛濛de寒气,屋里暖洋洋de。萨拉还在睡着,妈妈站在炉火边,往牛奶锅里对热水。男孩知道,原本家里de三头奶牛,如今死了yi头,妈妈不得不这么做。爸爸这会儿肯定去了牛棚。这些事情男孩都清楚,因为他总是留意观察周围发生deyi切。这会儿,他坐在那儿yi言不发地看着妈妈,因为清晨在妈妈忙碌de时候,不管他提什么问题,她都不会回答。

  小男孩慢吞吞地,玩耍似de套上皮裤子、夹克和鞋袜——他de这些衣服都是用生皮做de,是爸爸从水牛身上扒下来de皮,由妈妈yi针yi线缝制起来de,他们yi家人都穿这种衣服——啊!现在牛奶煮好了,喝下去yi定很暖和!唉,如果他能拿那边de那个铁皮桶玩会儿就好了,可是这种铁东西是不许乱动de,爸爸要用yi颗钉子把它做成筛子或挫床。人们用挫床磨树根。孩子们只能玩木头,因为妈妈说:这周围de树林yi眼望不到边,木头应有尽有。

  “妈妈,哪天是星期天?”男孩蹲在火边问道。妈妈笑了,她知道,小男孩是想吃白面包了,因为只有在星期天她才会烤这种面包。她伸手从那个孩子们够不到de木板上拿下最后yi块面包,切下yi小片递给男孩。看着自己可爱de孩子端着小铁杯子蹲在那儿,把面包小心翼翼地蘸到牛奶里去,妈妈弯下腰怜爱地吻了吻他。男孩吃完后,又试探着把沾着面包渣de小手向妈妈伸过去,期待着妈妈能再给他yi片。

  他打量着妈妈,心中嘀咕着:妈妈为什么那么难过?他想问,却没有问出口,他仿佛知道那样做,妈妈会受不了。

  妈妈现在走到桌子那边去了。从桌子de下面能看出,这桌子是yi截巨大de树干,桌表面还算光滑,可yi不小心,就会有刺扎到手上,会流血de。那样,他们准会挨父亲de骂。

  这时,姐姐也已经穿好衣服。两个孩子被打发到工具棚里拿木头。他们已经学会了如何区分新伐de木头和干木头,硬木头和软木头,而且能把不太粗de树枝掰断。

  他们来来回回几趟之后,就把yi小堆木头搬了过来。这时,妈妈把yi口大锅放在四角架上开始做饭。孩子又穿梭于木屋和小院之间,抱来许多野草。当时de西部,盐是极缺de,但如果粥里不放任何调料de话,还有谁愿意喝呢?在肯塔基州de中部,新大陆deyi半地区都处于yi种野蛮de蒙昧状态,就如同两千年前yi样,为了能够种植玉米,猎捕野物,农场主们用他们de斧头砍伐着无边无际de森林。这里是最贫瘠deyi块土地,人们甚至称它是荒原,连附近那个水源不久前也忽然消失得无影无踪了。

  于是父亲改行成了猎人。时近中午,yi听到狗叫,孩子们就欢快地跑到门口去迎接,常会跟背着猎枪和野兔de父亲撞个满怀。父亲面色黝黑,留着胡子,身材高大,略胖。身上穿de都是他自己打猎得来de兽皮。他原本是个木匠,经常给周围de邻居们做些常用de家什。但比起干木匠活,他更喜欢打猎。看着他在炉边坐下,吃起妈妈做de饭菜,男孩忽然觉得:其实妈妈de家务活儿,要比父亲外出打猎辛苦得多。

2009年6月8日星期一

Family financial management in the 10 to the attention of the local

One, the issue of money when there are differences, it is necessary to realistically frank and good discussion and to hold in their hearts discontent, the consequences could be disastrous.

Two is the debt all together and see how many total, and then to develop ways to repay.

Three, solutions to common account or accounts of the issue of independence. As long as a consensus to choose what kind of account can be husband and wife can also open the third combined the two accounts to cover family expenses.

Four, the parties responsible for payment of specified accounts, bookkeeping, dealing with investment matters.

Five, we must clear the whereabouts of their money, even if your family is the arithmetic master, you must take the initiative to look to find out from the income and expenditure accounts.

Six is a little of your spouse or "carelessness" and not nagging, the two sides autonomy should have the freedom of disposable income.

The purchase of seven former valuables discuss with family members.

Eight is not the spouse in front of others to criticize the way the money.

Nine children and asked what to buy when the position of husband and wife to be consistent so as not to spoil the child.

Ten is often discussed in the objectives of the two best in the absence of selection pressure on financial issues to discuss when.

理财 标签:

2009年6月6日星期六

Investment trust products that need to pay attention to several aspects

First, for optimization of the Trust. Although, after rectifying and standardizing the trust industry, the risk of significantly lower, but still concerned about their risk, especially in the classification management background, choice of quality is particularly important to the Trust, which is more robust to the investors trust products . Select the main reference for the Trust as follows: a trust company's financial indicators, including the registered capital, net assets, trust assets, net profit, etc.; the context of the major shareholder of a trust company, as the major shareholder of the private state-owned, state-owned shares as of the state-owned holding of.


Second, the higher the threshold of the trust fund products, poor mobility. The release of the product as a result of the trust can not exceed 200 limit, the higher the threshold of trust funds products, many of the threshold of the trust funds are products of 10 million yuan, and some even 100 million. Therefore, the trust products to investors for more funds.


Third, trust in the design, the use of trust property, management practices, as well as the risk of the trust property and security. Projects for the trust, the trust property the way the elements and other products, investors should also have a more detailed understanding of the key lies in understanding the risk factors and Trust Company as trustee of these risk factors control.
In view of this, investors should be based on their risk tolerance, liquidity preference and investment preferences and risk in the income between the grasp the scale, select the appropriate period, the appropriate degree of risk and liquidity products.

How can management do not blindly

More than the pursuit of financial management and the whole way, I would like to do everywhere, resulting in a decentralized capital, the end pieces which did not do a good job. Mr. Wang is the Chengdu in charge of a foreign business, the work of four years, the hands of small savings and investment is the desire; the only savings of 80,000 yuan, 25,000 yuan for the shares, with 05,000 yuan to stamp collectors, coin collectors to 10,000 yuan, 20,000 yuan for the purchase of the Fund. Recently, I heard the introduction of foreign currency bank and wealth management business, Mr. Wang has been the heart and ready to make trouble, then why not do it earning dollars? Mr. Wang's investment philosophy: eggs not in one basket, multi-try a variety of financial products in order to spread the investment risks. The so-called "Oriental Western light does not shine," one can always make money - this is a lot of people believe in the current financial management. But one year down, Mr. Wang, but it falls short of the investment performance, the stock market losses, the money did not have to move products, only make money open-end funds, but also to buy less. Mr. Wang has been that the risk is not spread it? Or how the investment fails, the proceeds might as well keep the bank?

2009年6月5日星期五

Economic crisis of identity did not fall under the price of the three tips

First of all, the price does not take a sudden manner, but in the lower price before the first warm-up.
In order to increase the brand image of the inclusion of low-priced, brand image to avoid all of a sudden, great changes have taken place and unacceptable to consumers. Starbucks consumers from the past to break some stereotypes start brand. For example, the U.S. consumer is generally believed that Starbucks sold only high-end products, that is, sold more than 4 U.S. dollars per cup of coffee. In view of this situation, the guidance of the various branches of Starbucks on the coffee brewing division, told the guests take the initiative, the shop is actually an average price of drinks three U.S. dollars, and 90% of the drink prices are the following four U.S. dollars. In this way, when Starbucks launched low-priced consumer products will not be a surprise!

Secondly, through the introduction of new low-priced products to drive down prices, rather than the direct price of the original product.
According to the survey, the deterioration in economic circumstances, the enterprise if the price, 70% of the consumers that the brand will usually too high a price; 62% of consumers feel that the price of the product is about to expire or the backlog of. No price for the brand, 64% of consumers think that products must be very popular; the same 64% of consumers think that products have a very good value.
This tells us, if the direct price, unless it is to deal with inventory, or else consumers will doubt the value of products, which will inevitably affect the consumer's impression of the brand. Motorola V3 mobile phone fast early to spend a lot of price let consumers buy high-priced hurt deeply. The Starbucks is to avoid this situation, it is through the three states in the United States were 50 customers on track to record them at home and the details of the restaurant to eat breakfast, 3.95 U.S. dollars to develop a preferential Breakfast, consumers 1.2 U.S. dollars than the original savings.

Third, as far as possible to maintain the inherent consumers, follow them to change, rather than easy access to other market segments.
Brand enterprises fundamentally depends on the enterprises in which a group of consumers for services, when the enterprises to enter new market segments, they often mean an increase of new customers, which will enable customers to believe that his or is not the object of business services, corporate brand image and thus be blurred.
Therefore, in the case of financial crisis, Starbucks consumers through existing research, identify one of the most vulnerable to the impact of financial crisis, a change in consumer behavior and customer base. For example, Starbucks found that price-sensitive are only occasionally to a Starbucks consumer, the impact of the financial crisis, they may remove these consumer. Therefore, the Starbucks on the adoption of new low-priced products, as well as members of a discount the way to reduce consumer costs, and thus retain them as much as possible.

2009年6月4日星期四

Standard & Poor's index plunged 1.37%

U.S. stocks opened lower today after all the way down, after both fell below -1%. The three major indexes closed slightly before the rebound, as of the close, the three major stock indexes mixed decline. Which Standard & Poor's index plunged 1.37 percent led by the three major indexes.

May ISM services sector index to 44.0, slightly lower than market expectations of 45.0, but better than the 43.7 percent in April. Although the index still shows that services in the shrinking, but the speed of contraction has slowed down for three consecutive months.

April factory orders increased 0.7 percent, an increase of 0.9 percent below expectations.

The latest data show that the job market remains weak, but also signs of a turn for the better. ADP employment report showed the number of unemployed in May to reach 532,000 people, only a little higher than expected.

As of the close, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 65.63 points to 8,675.24 points, or 0.75 percent, the Nasdaq composite index fell 10.88 points to 1,825.92 points, or 0.59 percent, the Standard & Poor's 500 Index dropped 12.98 points , to 931.76 points, or 1.37 percent.

Released yesterday by signing into house sales index push Tuesday S & P 500 closed at an important technical significance of the 200-day MA above.

Credit Suisse will be the end of the stock market strategist at S & P 500 target is expected to remain at 920 points value, but that is no longer the stock holdings, saying the recent significant increases in bond yields have reduced the investment value of the stock market.

Credit Suisse strategist, said bond yields rise on part of the economic recovery resulted in a threat to mortgage rates by 10 basis points each, down 1% on the price. They said that the reason why the bond market good investment because they believe the market value of investment has already begun.

10-year bond yields fell 4 basis points at 3.57 percent; the beginning of this year, slightly higher than the 2 percent rate of return. Bond yields and prices were the reverse movement.

Published today in overseas countries generally positive economic data, the Australian reported that the rate of economic growth than expected; the United Kingdom reported that service sector activity for 13 months the first time since expansion.

The U.S. dollar against both the yen and the euro exchange rate rose.

Toll Brothers (TOL) and Hovnanian Enterprises (HOV) are two real estate builders reported quarterly losses suffered. Toll loss of 83.2 million U.S. dollars company, Hovnanian loss 118.6 million U.S. dollars.

Aetna (AET) shares fell 9 percent, after the insurance company announced a lowered earnings in 2009.

Mining equipment maker Joy Global (JOYG) was up 6% pre-set, after the company announced that profit grew 67 percent year-on-year.

Overseas stock market Wednesday. Asian stock markets generally higher, China's stock market closed at a new high of 10 months; by promoting positive economic data, the Australian stock market rose 1.6%.

European stock markets in commodity futures and banking plate manufacturers plate performance, the pan-European Dow Jones Stoxx 600 Index fell 1.1%.

2009年6月3日星期三

TARP to repay the financing help U.S. financial institutions

Federal Reserve Monday (June 1) that the 19 has just been completed for the pressure of the big banks to test the new requirements for these banks from the United States prior to the return of non-performing assets of the Ministry of Finance to obtain relief program (TARP) loan, you must first prove that their ability to issue additional common stock through a public fund-raising, and adequate capital adequacy ratio, and a number of conditions be approved.
The impact of this new requirement, two passed before the pressure test, was that there was no financing needs of financial institutions, announced that it would issue new shares immediately. The two institutions, including JPMorgan Chase Bank (hereinafter referred to JP Morgan Chase) and the United States credit card giant American Express Company (American Express).
This shows that the U.S. government for the United States for an early resumption of banking institutions can "free" will be the implementation of stringent requirements.
JP Morgan Chase announced that June 1, will be issued to a total value of five billion U.S. dollars of new shares, the United States is expected to be time to start June 2 pricing. JP Morgan before the end of June in the hope that the U.S. Treasury to pay off 25 billion U.S. dollars to repay the TARP, to restore not subject to government intervention in his capacity as an independent bank.
American Express also announced on the same day, will issue a total of 500 million U.S. dollars of new shares, 3.4 billion U.S. dollars for the return of the borrower of the TARP. Since then, Morgan Stanley on June 2 also announced the public offering of ordinary shares of 2.2 billion U.S. dollars.

2009年6月2日星期二

How the selection of index funds

"Over" the need to
Sub-fund the cost of a one-time costs and continuing costs. Including the cost of continuing the Fund's management fees and custodian fees. 8 funds, Bo, when the cost of continuing the rich the highest, 1.18%; Cathay Pacific in Shanghai and Shenzhen CSI 300 and 300 sustained Jiashi the lowest cost, only 0.6%. Since the performance difference is very small, therefore the cost of investors in the rate of "over" is still very necessary. If as a long-term investment, the cost of continuity between the nuances that may ultimately lead to significant differences in income.
In addition to costs, the Fund's investments also include a one-time costs. Such as the adoption of open-end funds invest in a one-time costs including the purchase fee and redemption fee. 8 largest fund redemption rates were 0.5%, while the maximum application rates are 1.2% and 1.5% respectively.
Excellent back-end charges
8 funds, the South Shanghai and Shenzhen 300, 300 in Shanghai and Shenzhen Dacheng charges in addition to front-end also provides back-end charging systems. Front-end means that the application fee must be paid on application fees, application fees and the cost of back-end only when the payment of the redemption fund.
There are two major advantages of back-end charges: first, application rates will be held by the Fund with reduced growth time. Back-end funds holding more than a certain period of time fee, purchase costs can be completely exempt. Held by the Fund in Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 South for more than 5 years, 300 in Shanghai and Shenzhen Dacheng hold more than 3 years did not have the back-end fees; Second, if the asset value, even in the case of the same rate the back-end fees can also increase the revenue due to the purchase cost of fees and charges in the case of back-end can still generate revenue.
However, both cases the back-end fees without advantage: time is too short to hold, purchase, the number of large funds.
For long-term investors, the preferred choice of management fees and custodian fees lower the Fund; in investment, the direct comparison of sites and fund the purchase of the rate banks; in the same conditions, the choice of back-end fund fees.

2009年6月1日星期一

How to choose a mortgage to save money

1. To avoid fixed-rate mortgage
Era has come to cut interest rates, the new process can choose a floating interest rate mortgages have a fixed loan for the buyers choose to switch to loans, deposit and loan interest rates can be reduced to solve the negative effects.
Recently, some banks have fixed interest rates for mortgages, and the duration of fixed-rate loans more than 1 year in the customers, to pay certain liquidated damages in the circumstances, may apply to do floating-rate mortgages. Fixed-rate loan in 5 years or more, are exempt from penalty.

2. The interest rate curve, start early repayment subtraction
For the next few years, the possibility exists to continue to cut interest rates, it is recommended to prepare ahead of time to slow down the pace of repayment of the women, if there is sufficient cash on hand to repay in advance, then might as well do something else more worthwhile investment, in many cases, "To search for more than 5% rate of return of investment channels is not too difficult." Do not see the news as soon cut interest rates to judge, we should wait before making a decision after a period of time.
Even in the era of interest rate increase from the fiscal point of view, also not in favor of "family home" for business loan repayment ahead of schedule because of family assets have a certain debt ratio will increase the liquidity of assets and value-added.